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Illness is stopping Britons from coming back to work.
疾病使英国人无法重返任务岗亭。
During the 2010s the British economy grew not by becoming much more productive but by keeping people in work for longer.
在2010年月，英国完成经济的增长的方法并不是进步消费率，而是延伸人们的任务工夫。
Of the 4m or so extra workers who became employed in 2010-20, two-thirds had lived for more than half a century.
在2010-2020年新增的400万左右工人中，三分之二的人年事曾经超越50岁。
Since the pandemic many of these veterans have gone absent without leave.
自疫情迸发以来，这些“老兵”中的很多人擅离任守。
New labour-market data, covering the three months to the end of November 2022, show that there were roughly 300,000 more inactive workers over the age of 50 compared with the first quarter of 2020.
停止2022年11月尾的三个月的休息力市场新数据表现，与2020年第一季度相比，50岁以上的非活泼工人约莫添加了30万人。
Number-crunchers divide those out of work into two groups—the unemployed, who are looking and available for work; and the inactive, who are not.
统计者把赋闲人群分为两局部——赋闲者，正在寻觅并可以找到任务的人；以及非活泼工人，即不再寻觅任务的人。
There are far more inactive workers (about 22% of the working-age population) than unemployed ones (under 4%).
非活泼工人的数目（约占休息年事生齿的22%）远远多于赋闲工人(不到4%)。
Inactive workers include the long-term sick, the retired, those looking after children, students and those who have given up looking for work.
非活泼工人包罗临时抱病、曾经退休、需求照顾孩子的人，以及先生和那些保持找任务的人。
The ranks of the sick have apparently swollen the most since the pandemic.
自疫情以来，抱病人数分明添加了最多。
There were an additional 300,000 workers between the ages of 16 and 64 who said they were inactive because of long-term illness in the third quarter of 2022 compared with the first quarter of 2020.
与2020年第一季度相比，2022年第三季度，年事在16岁到64岁之间的员工中，有30万人表现他们因临时抱病而处于非活泼形态。
(The other big increase was among students, typically at the younger end of the age spectrum.)
（非活泼数目大幅增长的另一个群体是先生，通常是年事较小的先生。）
But research by Bee Boileau of the Institute for Fiscal Studies, a think-tank, shows that the increase in ill-health is among workers who have been inactive for over five years rather than among those who recently left the labour force.
但“财务经济学研讨所”智库的比·布瓦洛研讨标明，安康题目的添加发作在超越五年非活泼的工人群体中，而不是近期分开休息力雄师的工人中。
She points to another, unrelated trend: more workers have been retiring early.
她指出了另一个有关的趋向：越来越多的工人提早退休。
Pension rules, introduced in 2015 and known as "pension freedoms", allow those over the age of 55 to withdraw their nest egg early and gradually draw down the balance to live on.
2015年，被称为“养老金自在”的养老金规矩出台，该规矩容许55岁以上的人延迟提取储备金，并逐步提取余额以维持生存。
The pandemic boosted the value of these pots.
疫情提振了这些存钱罐的代价。
First, would-be retirees had more cash to save through not going into the office or socialising; second, lower interest rates and a stockmarket boom lifted the value of financial assets.
起首，准退休职员居家办公或不参于交际运动可以省下更多的钱；其次，较低的利率和股市的昌盛提拔了金融资产的代价。
Some will have used the windfall to retire.
一些人会用这笔不测之财退休。
